15 points: For each of the following devices, which TCP/IP levels does it use?

1. Host
2. Router
3. Switch

0 points: Which of the following connecting devices modifies packets it receives before sending them back out?

1. Router
2. Switch

0 points: Twilight Sparkle designes a 6-layer communication protocol for packet-switched networks. The six layers are, from top to bottom, M, L, P, F, I, and A. Each layer below M adds a header with 20 bits during encapsulation. If a data packet of 200 bits begins at the M layer, how big will the packet be after it's encapsulated by the A layer and transmitted?

0 points: The efficiency of a protocol system is often measured by the ratio of the size of the packet at the top layer to the size of the packet transmitted at the bottom layer. What is the efficiency of Twilight's protocol for the initial packet of 200 bits?

10 points: What is the efficiency of Twilight's protocol for a packet that starts with 400 bits?

0 points: Twilight's protocol sends out transmissions with a maximum size of 600 bits. What is the largest size a single packet can be when the F layer sends that data object to the I layer?

0 points: What is the efficiency for a 1500-bit packet that begins at the M layer? Hint: this will have to be split up at the F layer.

15 points: What is the efficiency for a 900-bit packet that begins at the M layer?